In hard rock mining and quarrying, this is achieved through a controlled process of drilling and blasting. A blast hole drill rig is a specialised piece of equipment that creates a series of holes in a specific pattern, depth, and diameter across a section of rock known as a “bench.”
[pdf] Drill stems must be designed to transfer drilling torque for combined lengths that often exceed several miles down into the , and also must be able to resist pressure differentials between inside and outside (or vice versa), and have sufficient strength to suspend the total weight of deeper components. For deep wells this requires tempered steel tubes that are expensive, and owners spend considerable efforts to reuse them after finishing a well.
[pdf] There are many different types of drill bits, each designed for a specific purpose. However, the main factor determining which drill bit to use on rock is the hardness of the material. The harder the rock, t.
[pdf] 
